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In Python, when a class is derived from more than one super-class or base class, it is known as multiple inheritance. Following is the syntax of multiple inheritance in Python - class Super1: pass class Super2: pass class MultiDerived(Super1, Super2): pass Example ofMultiple Inheritance Let's understand multiple inheritance with the following example. Here, we have created two superclasses or base classes, i.e., Superclass1 and Superclass2, and the derived class is the child class. We then create an object Obj_1 of the child class to call its methods as ... Read More
The update method is one of the methods of the dictionary data structure. It is used to update the values in the already created dictionary, which means it adds a new key-value pair to the dictionary. The updated key and value will be updated at the last. Python update() Method in Dictionary The dictionary is represented by curly braces{}. The dictionary contains key and value pairs, collectively called items, which can accept any data type of elements as values. It is mutable, which means once the dictionary is created, we can apply the changes. It has key-value pairs separated by ... Read More
In Python there are no private variables in classes. By default all the variables and methods are public. There is sometimes an emulation of private variables by using the double underscore __ prefix to the variable's names. This makes these variables not easily accessed outside of the class. This is achieved through name mangling. In name mangling, we declare data/method with at least 2 leading and at most 1 trailing underscore. The name mangling process helps to access the class variables from outside the class. The class variables ... Read More
What is Python Tuple? A tuple in Python is an ordered collection of items that cannot be changed once, making it immutable. A tuple allows duplicate values and can hold elements of different data types, such as strings, numbers, other tuples, and more. This makes tuples useful for grouping related data while determining that the content remains fixed and unchanged. Subtracting Tuples from Tuples in Python To subtract a tuple of tuples from a tuple in Python, we can use a loop or comprehension to filter out elements. Since tuples are immutable and don't support direct subtraction, convert the main ... Read More
What is Python Tuple? A tuple in Python is an ordered collection of items that cannot be changed once defined, making it immutable. A tuple allows duplicate values and can hold elements of different data types, such as strings, numbers, other tuples, and more. This makes tuples useful for grouping related data while the content remains fixed and unchanged. Multiple Tuples in Python Multiple tuples organize complex information hierarchically, and these are useful for returning multiple values, iterating over grouped values. In Python, we can create multiple tuples by - ... Read More
A tuple in Python is an ordered collection of items that cannot be changed once, making it immutable. This allows duplicate values and can hold elements of different data types, such as strings, numbers, other tuples, and more. This makes tuples useful for grouping related data while determining the content remains fixed and unchanged. What is Canonical Way? In programming, "canonical" refers to the standard, widely accepted, or recommended way approach to accomplishing a task. It determines with best practices and this is favored by the community or official documentation. In Python, performing a task canonically means using the most ... Read More
In Java, covariant return types allow an overriding method to return a subtype of the supertype. Here, the return type of the parent class is called the supertype, and the return type of the child class is known as the subtype, if and only if it is a subclass of the parent class's return type. Sounds confusing, right? Well! It is not as confusing as it sounds. Read the whole article to understand this concept. Java Covariant Return Types Covariant return type refers to the return type of an overriding method. It works only for non-primitive return types, such as Classes, Arrays, ... Read More
What is Downcasting? Typecasting an object of the parent class to an object of the child class is called Downcasting in Java. We need to tell the Java compiler to perform the conversion explicitly by creating an object of the child type using a reference of the parent type. It is the opposite of upcasting, where a subclass reference is converted into a superclass reference automatically by the compiler. Typecasting is a process in which one data type or object is converted into another. It works with primitive datatypes and reference types as well. In this article, we are going ... Read More
Before the release of Java version 8, the interface consists of only abstract methods and variables that defines the behavior that a class could implement. While adding a new method to an interface, it required change in all the implementing classes. It was not convenient for a large application. To overcome this, Java 8 introduced default and static methods in interfaces. In Java, an Interface is a type of class that is defined using the keyword interface and has only method bodies without any implementations. To access its members within a class, we need to use the implements keyword while ... Read More
Command prompt is a command line interface that accepts text-based inputs or commands and performs tasks based on those command. Nowadays, there are various integrated development environments (IDEs) that are available to compile, build, and run Java programs within their environment. However, we can also compile and run Java programs using the Command Prompt. Compiling and Running Java Programs using CLI To compile and run Java programs outside the IDEs using the Command Prompt, we need to install the JDK and set its path in our system. To set up the development environment for Java on your local machine, we ... Read More