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What is URL (Uniform Resource Locator)?
A URL (Uniform Resource Locator) is a special identifier used to find a resource on the Internet. It is also known as a web address. For example, when someone sends a package for an occasions, they must provide an address. The URL is the address a web browser needs to enter to find the particular page being looked for.
A URL is made up of several components, including a scheme, subdomain, top-level domain, second-level domain, subdirectory, parameter, port, path, query, and fragment. While a URL need not have all of these components at once, it must always have three of them to instruct a web browser how and from where to get a resource.
Consider the following URL, https://www.tutorialspoint.com/index.htm, and discuss the various components of the URL.
Scheme
The protocol, often referred to as a scheme, instructs web servers which protocol to use when they access a page on your website. The most popular protocol in use today is HTTPS. It offers a secure version that employs encryption to provide an additional layer of security. When transmitting sensitive data over the internet, including passwords or credit card numbers, HTTPS is utilized.
By applying this security policy, you may secure the users of your website and improve your website's Google ranking. There are other schemes you may observe, such as mailto://, which will launch your computer's default email so you may start composing an email to the address you specified in the URL.
Type of Protocol in URL
Following is the protocol type in the URL −
https:
Subdomain
A subdomain is a name that has extra information at the beginning of your domain. It's used to arrange content on websites that performs a particular function. such a blog, online store, or careers page. Although www is the most popular subdomain, numerous others can be used.
Following “www” is the subdomain
https://www.
Explore our latest online courses and learn new skills at your own pace. Enroll and become a certified expert to boost your career.
Second Level Domain
A second level domain is the name that appears to the left of the domain extension, such as.com or.net. For instance, in a domain name like "tutorialspoint.com," the word "tutorialspoint" as the second-level domain is where domain holders place the brand name, project name, organization name, or other known identifier for users.
https://www.tutorialspoint
Top-Level Domain
A top-level domain is the final text of a domain name, such as.com or.net. Top-level domains are also referred to as domain suffixes, URL extensions, and domain extensions. They are a crucial component of the marketing plan of every internet company.
Top-level domains help in the identification, grouping, and classification of websites according to their content, function, or location. For instance, websites with the “.com” TLD are used for commercial purposes. While educational institutions and schools utilize the “.edu” TLD. It gives users and search engines a sense of the products and services your website offers, as well as your location and line of business.
https://www.tutorialspoint.com
Subdirectory
A subdirectory, often referred to as a subfolder, makes it easier for users and web crawlers to identify the specific area of a webpage they are currently on.
For example, let’s consider the URL we chose before: ‘https://www.tutorialspoint.com/index.htm’. Which is a learning platform offering a lot of courses to learn. We can observe that the subdomain is "www" and the subdirectory is index," which indicates that the URL serves up the index page, which is the subfolder of the "www" page.
https://www.tutorialspoint.com/index
Path
The path indicates the exact location of a page, post, file, or other asset. It frequently serves as an analog to the website's underlying file structure. The path is located after the hostname and is separated by the forward slash "/". The path also contains any asset file extensions, including those for images (.jpg or .png), documents (.pdf or .docx), and more.
https://www.tutorialspoint.com/index.htm
Here, .htm is the path for the above-mentioned URL.
History of URL
1992: Collaboration Begins
Tim Berners-Lee and the URI working group of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) began collaborating at the IETF Living Documents birds of a feather session.
1985: Domain Name System
The format combined the existing domain name system, which was created in 1985, with file path syntax, where slashes separated directories and filenames.
1994: Uniform Resource Locators Defined in RFC 1738
In 1994, Uniform Resource Locators (URLs) were officially defined in RFC 1738 by Tim Berners-Lee and the IETF URI working group.
Berners-Lees Regrets on Domain Name Formatting
Berners-Lee later expressed regret about using dots to divide the parts of a domain name within URIs, wishing slashes had been used instead. He also believed the double slashes before the domain name were unnecessary.
1993: Initial Proposal of Universal Document Identifiers (UDIs)
Initially, Berners-Lee and collaborators proposed UDIs (Universal Document Identifiers). The 1993 draft of the HTML Specification referred to "Universal" Resource Locators.
1994: Shift from "Universal" to "Uniform"
Between June 1994 (RFC 1630) and October 1994 (draft-ietf-uri-url-08.txt), the term "universal" was replaced with "uniform." Berners-Lee noted his preference for "universal" in his book Weaving the Web, explaining the dispute that led to the change.
How does a URL Work?
URLs (Uniform Resource Locators) serve to identify resources on the internet. When provided with a URL, a web browser locates and retrieves the requested web page from the server, displaying it to the user.
Why are URLs Important?
- URLs provide a standardized method to access resources like web pages, images, and videos.
- They specify the exact location of a resource, ensuring accurate content retrieval.
- URLs enable linking between web pages, supporting seamless user experiences.
- They play an important role in SEO by helping search engines index and rank content.
- URLs improve usability by allowing users to easily share and bookmark specific pages.
- They are essential to the web's structure and functionality, facilitating efficient information retrieval and sharing.